Module 3.1: Drink Clean Water

I prioritize drinking high quality and clean water because tap water can be loaded with different chemicals and things like chlorine that can damage the gut microbiome. At one point while trying to heal, I went from being in remission and feeling really good, to flaring up really badly after drinking heavily chlorinated tap water for a few days. It’s really hard to find research on how water affects the gut microbiome, specifically in regards to IBD. Now this isn’t research, this is a concept paper that proposes the same idea that I’ve been talking about for years, which is that drinking chlorinated water can cause gut microbiome dysbiosis and result in the development or flare up of IBD. “Levels of chlorine used to treat metropolitan water are considered safe for the individual, based on toxicity studies. However, to our knowledge there have been no studies examining whether levels of persistent chlorine exposure from tap water are also safe for the ecosystem of microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Given the importance of the microbiome in health, persistent exposure to low levels of chlorine may be a hitherto unrecognized risk factor for gut dysbiosis, which has now been linked to virtually every chronic non-communicable disease of the modern era (13).” More research needs to be done, but this idea is exactly why I drink clean, purified water, and I’ve seen incredible results from doing so.

I think the following are good sources of water:  

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Biome Optima™ Sources

  1. Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, Vuyyuru H, Sasikala M, Nageshwar Reddy D. Role of the normal gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(29):8787–8803.doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787
  2. Bernstein CN, Forbes JD. Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Chronic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Inflamm Intest Dis. 2017;2(2):116–123. doi:10.1159/000481401
  3. Yu LC. Microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancers: exploring a common ground hypothesis. J Biomed Sci. 2018;25(1):79. Published 2018 Nov 9. doi:10.1186/s12929-018-0483-8
  4. Suzuki T. Regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by tight junctions. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2013; 70(4): 631-659.
  5. Ulluwishewa D, Anderson R, McNabb W, Moughan P, Wells J, Roy N. Regulation of Tight Junction Permeability by Intestinal Bacteria and Dietary Components. The Journal of Nutrition. 2011; 141(5): 769-776.
  6. Han X, Lee A, Huang S, Gao J, Spence JR, Owyang C. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG prevents epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by interferon-gamma and fecal supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients in human intestinal enteroids and colonoids. Gut Microbes. 2019;10(1):59-76. doi:10.1080/19490976.2018.1479625
  7. Anderson RC, Cookson AL, McNabb WC, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum MB452 enhances the function of the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of genes involved in tight junction formation. BMC Microbiol. 2010;10:316. Published 2010 Dec 9. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-316
  8. Klement RJ, Pazienza V. Impact of Different Types of Diet on Gut Microbiota Profiles and Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(4):84. Published 2019 Mar 29. doi:10.3390/medicina55040084
  9. Hsieh CY, Osaka T, Moriyama E, Date Y, Kikuchi J, Tsuneda S. Strengthening of the intestinal epithelial tight junction by Bifidobacterium bifidum. Physiol Rep. 2015;3(3):e12327. doi:10.14814/phy2.12327
  10. Zhang M, Sun K, Wu Y, Yang Y, Tso P, Wu Z. Interactions between Intestinal Microbiota and Host Immune Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol. 2017;8:942. Published 2017 Aug 14. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00942
  11. La Fata G, Weber P, Mohajeri MH. Probiotics and the Gut Immune System: Indirect Regulation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2018;10(1):11-21. doi:10.1007/s12602-017-9322-6
  12. Rao RK, Samak G. Protection and Restitution of Gut Barrier by Probiotics: Nutritional and Clinical Implications. Curr Nutr Food Sci. 2013;9(2):99–107. doi:10.2174/1573401311309020004.
  13. Martino D. The Effects of Chlorinated Drinking Water on the Assembly of the Intestinal Microbiome. Challenges. 2019; 10(1):10.

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